¡No soy de derecha ni de izquierda! Profesan hoy políticos de todos los sectores, los problemas no tienen ideología, ni son de un sector o de otro, no son de izquierda ni de derecha. Estas mismas afirmaciones se hicieron comunes después de la caída del muro de Berlín en 1989 y con esta la caída del bloque soviético, dando paso a lo que se denominó el fin de la historia, el triunfo indiscutido de las democracias liberales, y con este triunfo la superación de la dicotomía entre izquierda y derecha, se argumentaba que los cambios sociales, la profunda tecnificación del estado y la complejidad de los problemas sociales hacían inútil seguir hablando de izquierda y derecha.
Frente al debate de la vigencia de los términos de izquierda y derecha que se daba a finales de los noventa, un viejo zorro de la Ciencia política como lo era en ese momento Norberto Bobbio, se encargaría de dar respuesta en un texto de 1994 titulado “Derecha e Izquierda”. La cuestión planteada por Bobbio tiene hoy, casi 20 años después, profunda vigencia para el debate actual y que en cada campaña sacan a relucir los candidatos de todos los sectores.
El Termino izquierda y derecha indefectiblemente a cambiado, como han cambiado las sociedades en más de doscientos años desde que se acuñó este término en el marco de la revolución Francesa, ya no refiere a las diferencias entre sectores afines a una monarquía o contrarios a esta, hoy estos términos no son simplemente la predominancia de cierto pensamiento o núcleo de ideas con respecto a la política, sino una visión de la orientación que tiene que tener la sociedad, siendo el factor diferencial entre izquierda y derecha el posicionamiento que se tiene frente al ideal de la igualdad, dependiendo de un sector u otro se hará énfasis en la igualdad material, la igualdad jurídica o la igualdad de oportunidades.
La izquierda profesa una profunda preocupación por la desigualdad, principalmente por la desigualdad material, es decir de las condiciones de vida, y le apuesta a utilizar los instrumentos del estado para generar un avance rápido a esa igualdad material, desconfiando de los cambios lentos que produce la economía. La derecha al contrario hace hincapié en la igualdad jurídica y en la igualdad de oportunidades, y ve con desconfianza la intervención del estado orientada a la consecución de la igualdad material, apuesta no a la igualdad material, sino a la superación de la pobreza a través de un proceso lento y paulatino jalonado por la economía.
Otro aspecto fundamental que mantiene la vigencia de los términos de izquierda y derecha es el reconocimiento propio que tiene cada sector sobre su posición, y el reconocimiento del otro. Si yo me reconozco de izquierda, afirmo mi posición y la del otro, el cual no se reconoce de izquierda. No quiere decir esto que no hay lugar para un tercero, lo hay en cuanto este afirme otra posición y llene el espacio entre estas dos visiones.
Como conclusión, ponía un ejemplo Norberto Bobbio en una entrevista sobre esta distinción entre izquierda y derecha, decía: “el Gobierno debe encontrar algunas decenas de miles de millones de libras para equilibrar las cuentas del Estado. Si estos millones serán sacados prevalentemente de los bolsillos de los trabajadores, la operación será de derechas; si saldrán de las cajas de los ricos, será de izquierda”. A pesar de lo simple y hasta burdo del ejemplo, este tiene una gran capacidad explicativa, la diferencia entre unos y otros no está en qué hacen sino en cómo lo hace, ahí está la diferencia, ahí es donde hay que hacer énfasis y cuestionarlos.
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