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Hoy: Lun, marzo 17 2025

Noticias
y opinión

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Hoy: Lun, 17 marzo 2025

Diplomacia de las regiones

La frontera entre Colombia y Venezuela nunca estuvo cerrada, pues no se le puede poner candado a una puerta de 2219 kilómetros. Esto debe recordarse porque quienes observan las fronteras desde la distancia suelen olvidar que los intercambios comerciales, sociales y culturales son parte de la naturaleza humana en estas regiones. Hay que reconocer, sin embargo, que los contenedores atravesados en los puentes y la ausencia de consensos mínimos entre Bogotá y Caracas hicieron daño a las relaciones de la gente que vive en estos territorios. Por eso hay que hacer énfasis en los avances que se han dado en los últimos días para restablecer los pasos de comercio formal entre Táchira y Norte de Santander. Explicaré por qué estos avances se han dado gracias a la diplomacia de las regiones.

En primer lugar, es necesario reconocer el esfuerzo de la Secretaría de Fronteras de Norte de Santander, pues ha promovido actos de sensatez para lograr mínimos acuerdos de entendimiento con autoridades regionales del Estado Táchira. Intentando de esta forma hacer menos difícil la vida de la gente en esta frontera. A esta gestión se suman los gremios industriales, los comerciantes, el sector hotelero, operadores aduaneros y grupos de sociedad civil que promueven las mesas de trabajo con sus homólogos venezolanos. Es valioso su impulso.

Hay quienes piensan que estos acercamientos no corresponden a sus funciones y que se sustituye la diplomacia centrada en el gobierno nacional. Todo lo contrario. El ordenamiento jurídico estimula la cooperación de las zonas fronterizas del país. Así lo establece la constitución y numerosas leyes que desarrollan la importancia y las circunstancias especiales de estas zonas. Una de estas normas es la Ley de Ordenamiento Territorial. Allí se indica que los departamentos y los municipios ubicados en zonas fronterizas pueden adelantar programas de cooperación dirigidos al fomento del desarrollo comunitario, la prestación de los servicios públicos, la preservación del ambiente y el desarrollo productivo y social, con entidades territoriales limítrofes de un Estado. En otras palabras, la diplomacia de las regiones fronterizas cuenta con un sólido respaldo constitucional y legal para continuar con su trabajo. Así lo reafirmó hace unos meses el régimen especial de fronteras.

Finalmente, debe hacerse un llamado a la prudencia. Hay que recordar que abrir los pasos formales no cambia repentinamente las pésimas relaciones diplomáticas entre Bogotá y Caracas ni sus adversas consecuencias. De hecho, el paso de personas por los puentes aún es intermitente y sujeto a restricciones. Pero estos gestos ayudan, por ejemplo, a las personas que diariamente cruzan al otro lado, pues al menos no tienen que rifarse la vida en las trochas mafiosas o contra un río crecido. Y esto es lo mínimo que una población espera de sus dirigentes: garantías mínimas para el ejercicio de sus derechos.

Esto lo saben quiénes promueven los acercamientos en materia comercial. Por eso insisten en no entrar en discusiones políticas nacionales que estropeen lo poco que se ha logrado en la frontera y terminen restando credibilidad al proceso. Y también saben que se aproximan elecciones donde muchos querrán endilgarse victorias ajenas.

Un representante gremial decía esta semana una frase cargada de diplomacia regional: “si queremos que la apertura de la frontera sea permanente e irreversible, es necesario construir confianza y no apresurarnos, pues restablecer las relaciones toma tiempo”. Por mi parte, confío en que así será y apoyo estas iniciativas de entendimiento entre las regiones fronterizas, pues conocen mucho mejor las dificultades del territorio que no se ven con claridad desde las lejanas oficinas de Caracas y Bogotá.

Kenny Sanguino Cuéllar

Profesor investigador Universidad Libre de Colombia Seccional Cúcuta

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