En el mercado nacional, ahora podemos encontrar una amplia gama de productos que se relacionan con el cannabis medicinal, sin embargo, no todos cumplen con la normatividad establecida.
Colombia es uno de los países que ha logrado reglamentar por medio de expedición de normas las actividades de cultivo, producción, fabricación, adquisición, importación, exportación, almacenamiento, transporte, comercialización, distribución, uso y posesión de semillas, plantas y derivados de cannabis y sus productos con fines médicos y científicos.
En relación con la particular normatividad que regula el asunto en este territorio, inicialmente es importante distinguir algunos conceptos con las definiciones otorgadas, ya que cuando se habla de cannabis se refiere legalmente a la parte con flor de la planta, sin que haga parte de esta la semilla y hojas que no se encuentran unidas a la sumidad, y adicionalmente sin que estas hayan sufrido proceso alguno de extracción de resina.
Por otro lado, la condición de cannabis psicoactivo en Colombia se determinó por el contenido de Tretrahidrocannabinol (THC), que es la molécula que ha sido distinguida de forma sobresaliente por su efecto alucinógeno, en el caso de que su peso seco iguale o supere concentraciones de 1% se considera psicoactiva y, en caso de concentraciones inferiores, esta se considera no psicoactiva.
En el país, los procesos de autorización de actividades relacionadas con cannabis están canalizados a través de instituciones públicas encargadas de expedir las licencias y realizar el control a los titulares de estas. En relación con la etapa de evaluación, el Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos -Invima, es la entidad encargada de expedir las Licencias de Fabricación de derivados de cannabis y, además, de ejercer el control en materia sanitaria de los productos; posterior al otorgamiento de la licencia en mención se origina la etapa de seguimiento, que busca el monitoreo del cumplimiento de las condiciones técnicas y jurídicas por medio de las cuales se otorgó la licencia de fabricación y que para el caso corresponde al Fondo Nacional de Estupefacientes -Fne.
Por su parte, a la Subdirección de Control y Fiscalización de Sustancias Químicas y Estupefacientes, le fue conferida tanto la función de expedición de las licencias como la de seguimiento sobre las licencias de uso de semillas para siembra y de cultivo de plantas de cannabis psicoactivo y no psicoactivo. Con respecto a las semillas de cannabis, el control fitosanitario corresponde al Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario -Ica, asimismo esta entidad es la facultada para expedir la autorización sanitaria de productos de uso veterinario que lo contengan.
En este sentido, es importante señalar que las autoridades de control podrán realizar la coordinación con el ICA y la Policía Nacional acorde con sus facultades, para ejercer el control operativo y administrativo de las licencias.
Los titulares de licencia están sometidos a un régimen de obligaciones y prohibiciones, que señala entre otros como deberes:
- Cumplir con las condiciones establecidas en el marco normativo en relación con las licencias e iniciar el proceso de modificación de estas cuando ocurran cambios en las condiciones sobre las cuales fueron otorgadas.
- Exigir la presentación de licencia, o inscripción ante el FNE cuando se trate de derivados, a terceros con quien se pretenda realizar transacciones que involucren semillas de cannabis, plantas de cannabis y cannabis.
- En el desarrollo de sus actividades deberá informar a las autoridades de control sobre actividades inusuales o sospechosas de las que tenga conocimiento.
- Atender las visitas y suministrar la información requerida por las autoridades de control, además de corregir las fallas que sean identificadas durante las visitas.
- Mantener sus registros actualizados en tiempo real.
- Remitir las declaraciones de importación o exportación al Ministerio de Justicia y del Derecho y al Fondo Nacional de Estupefacientes, según corresponda, dentro de los ocho (08) días siguientes al proceso de desaduanamiento.
- Cumplir con los requerimientos de las autoridades en las inmovilizaciones in situ.
De igual manera los licenciatarios deben abstenerse de:
- Realizar promoción a través de cualquier medio de semillas para siembra, plantas de cannabis, cannabis, derivados o productos que lo contengan a excepción de las publicaciones dirigidas al personal médico o veterinario.
- Permitir el acceso a menores de edad de semillas para siembra, las plantas de cannabis, el cannabis, los derivados de cannabis y los productos que los contengan.
- Exportar plantas de cannabis, cannabis, flor seca o producto no transformado a excepción de las realizadas con fines científicos.
Adicionalmente, en la normatividad se determinaron causales de condiciones resolutorias, entre las cuales están:
- No corregir fallas identificadas por las autoridades de control.
- No dar cumplimiento al protocolo de seguridad.
- Sobrepasar los cupos otorgados para cada vigencia.
- Realizar promoción o publicidad de semillas de cannabis, plantas de cannabis, cannabis o productos que lo contengan, con excepción de las realizadas en eventos académicos o científicos.
- No iniciar actividades luego de seis (06) meses después de otorgado el cupo o la licencia de uso de semillas para siembra.
- No solicitar la modificación de la licencia cuando se den cambios en: la representación legal; en la propiedad, tenencia o posesión del inmueble; o contratista que preste servicios sobre actividades autorizadas en la licencia.
- Impedir, obstruir o rehusarse a permitir el acceso a las autoridades de control.
- Realizar transacciones de semillas de cannabis, plantas de cannabis, cannabis o derivados con personas que no cuenten con licencia o registro ante el FNE, según aplique.
- Usar semillas de cannabis, plantas de cannabis, el cannabis, o sus derivados para actividades no autorizadas, o fuera de los fines médicos o científicos.
- Cuando se determine que el predio autorizado no existe, está en abandono o no se encuentra en funcionamiento.
- Indicio de falsificación, alteración u omisión de soportes de registros o movimientos de cannabis.
- Falsificación o alteración de documentos presentados a las autoridades de control.
- Cuando se verifique que el licenciatario o su representante legal ha sido declarado responsable penalmente de delitos de tráfico de estupefacientes o conexos
- Cuando no se paguen las cuotas anuales de las tasas de seguimiento.
- Cuando se constate el desarrollo de actividades autorizadas fuera del lugar o condiciones autorizadas.
Así las cosas, ante la observación de algún incumplimiento, las autoridades de control requerirán al titular para que corrija, además para que presente las explicaciones del caso dentro de un término fijado por la misma entidad. Si como resultado se configura una falta o sanción, la autoridad compulsará copias a la Fiscalía General de la Nación y mediante resolución motivada podrá suspender la licencia o declarar la existencia de una condición resolutoria, lo cual no requiere consentimiento del titular de esta. En este sentido, es importante aclarar que los tipos penales previstos en los artículos 375, 376 y 377 del código penal en relación con conservación o financiación de plantaciones; tráfico, fabricación o porte de estupefacientes; y destinación ilícita de muebles o inmuebles, siguen estando vigentes, sin embargo, sus sanciones no se aplican para el uso médico y científico siempre y cuando se cuenten con las licencias.
34 comentarios en “ESTO ES LO QUE NO DEBES HACER SI CUENTAS CON UNA LICENCIA DE CANNABIS MEDICINAL EN COLOMBIA”
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